![]() ![]() The plow allowed humans to clear and farm larger plots of land than was otherwise possible. Agriculture underwent another important revolution about 5,000 years ago with the invention of the plow. Most early agriculture was subsistence farming in which farmers grew only enough food to feed their families. Within 2,000 years, farming ranged from Pakistan to southern Italy. Agricultural economies soon displaced hunter-gatherer economies. They had animals for transportation and plant and animal materials for producing clothing and rope. With a reliable food supply, humans were able to stay in one place and be assured of having a constant supply of carbohydrates, protein, milk and oil. The fertile crescent's unique diversity of wild crops and animals offered humans a mix of basic agricultural commodities that allowed a revolution in the development of human society. ![]() They also domesticated animals such as sheep, goats, cattle and pigs. They hybridized wheat for making bread from wild grass and emmer wheat. These early farmers domesticated crops such as chickpea, bitter vetch, grapes, olives, barley, emmer wheat, lentils, and flax. The first known instance of farming started in a region extending from southeastern Turkey to western Iran, known as the fertile crescent. Although the tools of early humans were primitive by today's standards, they significantly affected the environment and probably hastened the extinction of some large Ice Age mammals.Īfter the end of the last Ice Age, some eight to 10,000 years ago, humans began domesticating wild animals and plants. As time passed, humans developed more tools and techniques and came to rely on that technology in their daily lives. Early humans developed methods for changing habitat to suit their needs and herding wild animals. They fashioned wood and stone tools for hunting and food preparation, and used fire for cooking. Early humans were primarily hunter-gatherers who used tools to survive. Humans have always made an impact on the environment through their use of resources. \): Reaching carrying capacity through exponential growth, followed by die of and carrying capacity degredation (Copyright Nchisick CC BY-SA 4.0) ![]()
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